Barriers and Facilitators of Digital Transformation in Educational and Organizational Systems
Keywords:
Digital transformation, organizational learning, digital barriers, digital leadership, smart educationAbstract
This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in educational and organizational systems through a qualitative literature review. This qualitative systematic review analyzed 21 peer-reviewed articles selected from international databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer, published between 2015 and 2025. Articles were screened based on relevance to digital transformation, barriers, enablers, and technological innovation. Data were analyzed inductively using NVivo version 14 through qualitative content analysis until theoretical saturation was achieved, and main themes were extracted. The qualitative synthesis revealed three major themes: barriers to digital transformation, facilitators of digital transformation, and outcomes of successful transformation. Key barriers included resistance to change, lack of digital infrastructure, insufficient digital literacy, and financial limitations. Facilitators involved effective digital leadership, continuous training, adequate technological infrastructure, aligned policymaking, and a learning-oriented culture. Successful digital transformation was associated with enhanced organizational learning, educational innovation, increased agility, and higher employee satisfaction. The findings highlight that the success of digital transformation depends on the synergy between technology, human factors, and organizational culture. Developing digital competencies, strengthening infrastructure, and promoting transformation-oriented leadership are essential strategies to ensure sustainable digital transformation in both educational and organizational contexts. The study provides practical insights for policymakers and administrators in designing effective digital transformation strategies.
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