شناسایی موانع و چالش‌های توسعه مدارس هوشمند کشور عراق

عقيل  ضاري سبع سبع; محبوبه سادات فدوی; علی  موحان عبود کراغول; بدری  شاه طالبی

Authors

Aqeel Dhari Sabea Sabea Phd Student, Department of Educational Management, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5547-8655
Mahboubeh Sadat Fadavi Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-2632
Ali Mohan Abbood Karaghool Associate Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-5393
Badri shahtalebi Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-3653

Keywords:

Smart schools, educational challenges, digital transformation, Iraq’s educational system, smart education development

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the barriers and challenges associated with the development and implementation of smart schools in Iraq. This study employed a descriptive–survey design. The statistical population consisted of school principals, teachers, and educational experts familiar with educational technology and smart school concepts in Iraq, from whom 45 participants were selected as the research sample. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 30 items across six major dimensions, including structural and infrastructural challenges, human and educational challenges, financial and economic challenges, technological challenges, legal and managerial challenges, and cultural and social challenges. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through expert evaluation and the Content Validity Index (CVI), while its reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.89. Data analysis was conducted using one-sample t-tests in SPSS version 25. The findings demonstrated that all dimensions of smart school development challenges in Iraq had mean scores significantly above the average level and were statistically significant at p<0.001. Financial and economic challenges ranked first with a mean score of 4.31, with budget limitations, inflation, and high implementation costs identified as the most critical issues. Structural and infrastructural challenges ranked second with a mean score of 4.23, among which electricity and energy problems represented the most severe obstacle. Technological challenges ranked third with a mean score of 4.18, followed by human and educational challenges (4.15), legal and managerial challenges (4.07), and cultural and social challenges (3.95). The results indicated that the barriers to smart school development in Iraq are multidimensional and highly interconnected. The study concludes that the successful development of smart schools in Iraq requires a comprehensive, integrated, and priority-based approach. Without reforming financial structures, improving technological infrastructure, strengthening human resource capabilities, and establishing supportive legal and policy frameworks, the realization of sustainable and intelligent education in Iraq will remain significantly constrained.

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