The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Developing Flipped Learning in Formal Education
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, flipped learning, formal education, adaptive learning, learning analytics, smart educationAbstract
This study aimed to systematically examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing and developing flipped learning within formal education systems. This qualitative systematic review employed thematic analysis to explore relevant literature. Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar between 2015 and 2025. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were selected for analysis using NVivo version 14. Data coding was conducted through open, axial, and selective stages until theoretical saturation was reached. The analysis revealed that AI plays a significant role in personalizing learning paths, providing real-time feedback, supporting adaptive learning, and assisting teachers in instructional design. Three major themes were identified: “AI functions in flipped learning,” “challenges and barriers in formal education,” and “models and strategies for AI-based flipped learning development.” The integration of AI with learning management systems (LMS) was found to enhance learning outcomes and engagement. However, barriers such as technological limitations, ethical concerns, and insufficient digital literacy among educators remain critical challenges. The findings highlight that AI can serve as a transformative driver in formal education through flipped learning, provided it is implemented ethically, strategically, and alongside teacher empowerment. Educational policymakers are encouraged to establish ethical and regulatory frameworks and promote AI literacy to ensure effective adoption of AI-driven flipped learning models.
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