The Application of Blockchain Technology in Learning Validation and Digital Credentials
Keywords:
Blockchain, Learning validation, Digital credentials, Smart education, Institutional trust, Data securityAbstract
This study aimed to systematically review and analyze existing research on the application of blockchain technology in learning validation and digital credentials to identify its opportunities, challenges, and implementation requirements. This research adopted a qualitative systematic review design based on thematic analysis. Data were collected through a targeted literature search across reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 relevant articles were selected for in-depth analysis. Data analysis was performed using NVivo version 14 software, and coding continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Three main themes, sixteen subthemes, and more than eighty open codes were identified. The findings revealed that blockchain technology can transform the validation of academic credentials by enhancing transparency, data security, and institutional trust. It also improves efficiency through automated credential issuance and integration with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, fostering innovation in digital learning management. However, technical limitations, legal concerns, and organizational resistance remain significant barriers to large-scale implementation. Blockchain holds strong potential to revolutionize digital education systems, but its realization requires clear regulatory frameworks, technological literacy development, and strengthened international cooperation. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for educational policymakers, university administrators, and digital learning platform developers to design and implement trust-based educational infrastructures.
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