Assessment and Evaluation of the Model for Enhancing the Ethical Capacity of Senior Commanders and Managers of the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Authors

    Ali Akbarnejad Department of Public Administration, Bon.C., Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
    Jafar Beikzad * Department of Public Administration, Bon.C.,Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran beikzad.jafar@iau.ac.ir
    Saber Ghorbani Department of Public Administration,Sara.C., Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran

Keywords:

Organizational Ethics, Ethical Capacity, Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract

The objective of this study was to empirically assess and validate a model for enhancing the ethical capacity of senior commanders and managers within the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This applied study adopted a quantitative, descriptive–survey design. The statistical population consisted of 669 senior commanders and managers holding organizational positions at level 16 and above in four provinces of Iran. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 244 participants was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire, the face validity of which was confirmed by experts, while reliability was established through Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Inferential analyses demonstrated that all structural paths between the main dimensions—ethical leadership, spirituality orientation, promotion of service-oriented motivation, ethics-based professionalism, organizational devotion, and organizational climate moderation—and ethical capacity enhancement were positive and statistically significant (P<0.001). Path coefficients indicated strong explanatory power, and the overall goodness-of-fit index (GOF=0.68) confirmed an excellent fit of the proposed model. The findings confirm the empirical validity of the proposed model and suggest that it can serve as a strategic and sustainable framework for institutionalizing ethical capacity at the highest levels of law enforcement leadership and management.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Azim, I., Baini, N., & Amin, M. Z. (2024). The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Transformational Leadership on Student Association Performance at Institut Elkatarie: The Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics. Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance and Management, 4(2), 185-207. https://doi.org/10.31538/mjifm.v4i2.327

Borrelli, I., Melcore, G., Perrotta, A., Santoro, P. E., Rossi, M. F., & Moscato, U. (2024). Workplace ethical climate and its relationship with depression, anxiety and stress. Occupational Medicine, 74(6), 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae065

Bwambale Bhangyi, V. (2024). Towards developing ethical capacities in social work practice in Africa: Case study and critical commentary from Uganda. International Social Work, 67(2), 551-557. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728221136968

Cabana, G. C., & Kaptein, M. (2025). Team ethical culture as a coupling mechanism between a well‐implemented organizational ethics program and the prevention of unethical behavior in teams. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 34(2), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12661

Cai, C. (2023). HR practices and corporate environmental citizenship: Mediating role of organizational ethical climate. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 3083-3100.

Chen, X., & Ryoo, J. (2025). Improving Ethical Leadership in Sustainable Public Health Through Fractal AI. Ejaset, 3(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2025.3(1).04

Dempsey, R. P., Eskander, E. E., & Dubljević, V. (2023). Ethical decision-making in law enforcement: A scoping review. Psych, 5(2), 576-601. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych5020037

Guna, B. W. K., & Yuwantiningrum, S. E. (2024). Building Morality and Ethics Through Islamic Religious Education In Schools. Ijgie (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education), 5(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v5i1.2685

Kornberger, M., & Leixnering, S. (2025). Moral Learning in Organizations: An Integrative Framework for Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-025-05984-0

Kourtoglou, O., Vavouras, E., & Sariannidis, N. (2024). The Stoic Paradigm of Ethics as a Philosophical Tool for Objectifying the Concepts of Organizational Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance. Conatus-Journal of Philosophy, 9(2), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.12681/cjp.37932

Meriac, J. P., Rasmussen, K. E., & Pang, J. (2023). Work ethic and grit: Explaining responses to dissatisfaction at work. Personality and individual differences, 203, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.112037

Musenze, I. A., & Mayende, T. S. (2023). Ethical leadership (EL) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in public universities: examining the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Management Research Review, 46(5), 682-701. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-12-2021-0858

Perlman, B. J., Reddick, C. G., & Demir, T. (2025). Toward an organizational ethics culture framework: an analysis of survey data from local government managers. Public Integrity, 27(3), 300-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2023.2295643

Pradhan, R. K. (2025). How Do the Authentic Leaders Make Ethical Decisions? Examining the Mediating Role of Empathy. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-02-2025-0072

Pratama, F. A., Dewi, E. C., Al Fasiri, M. J., Ridwan, M., & Suwarni, T. (2023). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethic on the Welfare of Tempe Business Employees in Kedawung-Cirebon District. IJOBBA: International Journal of Bunga Bangsa Cirebon, 2(2), 106-112.

Rao, S. (2025). Servant Leadership: A Pathway to Ethical and Effective Organizational Leadership. Innovapath, 1(3), 5. https://doi.org/10.63501/v0gjhe26

Riadi, F., Riani, D., Sunarsi, D., & Munna, A. S. (2025). Islamic work ethics-based organizational citizenship behavior to improve the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of higher education lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership, 1(1), 17-28. https://harpressid.com/IJEAMaL/article/view/214

Setiawan, A. (2024). Ethical Decision-Making in Educational Leadership: Insights From Islamic Scholars. Edu Spectrum, 1(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.70063/eduspectrum.v1i1.29

Shahzad, K., Lohano, R., & Kumar, N. (2025). Devotion to organizational ethics is a factor in enabling employees' performance at the workplace. Journal of Management & Social Science, 2(1), 460-485. https://doi.org/10.63075/4n5h7p14

Shiundu, T. W. (2024). Ethical leadership and its implication on decision-making in organizations: a literature review. Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 8(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t30131

Solong, N. P. (2024). Implementation of Religious Teacher Leadership in Cultivating Islamic Ethics in Madrasah. Al-Tanzim Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 424-437. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v8i2.6730

Stansberry Beard, K. (2025). Sensemaking and engagement in ethical decision-making (SEED): A United States decision-making framework for educational administration and school leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241309749

Sun, U. Y., Park, H., & Yun, S. (2024). Ethically treated yet closely monitored: Ethical leadership, leaders' close monitoring, employees' uncertainty, and employees' organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2760

Van Baarle, E., & Van Baarle, S. (2025). Advancing ethics support in military organizations by designing and evaluating a value‐based reflection tool. Bioethics, 39(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13255

Wang, X., Zhou, L., Wen, X., & Gou, L. (2024). Exploring the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses' moral courage in China: the mediating effect of psychological empowerment. Journal of nursing management, 2024(1), 6664191. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6664191

Zahari, A. I., Said, J., Muhamad, N., & Ramly, S. M. (2024). Ethical culture and leadership for sustainability and governance in public sector organisations within the ESG framework. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100219

Zhang, D., Zheng, H., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., Xiao, Q., Zhao, R., Wang, L., Hu, K., Chen, Z., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Unlocking Academic Achievement of Nursing Master’s Students: Ethical Leadership, Teacher-Student Relationship and Growth Mindset – A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. BMC Medical Education, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06436-5

Zhu, Y. (2025). Leading With Purpose: The Transformative Impact of Servant, Authentic, and Spiritual Leadership on Workplace Well-Being and Ethics. Icmrss, 2(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.33422/icmrss.v2i1.827

Downloads

Published

2025-12-22

Submitted

2025-09-03

Revised

2025-11-25

Accepted

2025-12-03

Issue

Section

مقالات

How to Cite

Akbarnejad, A., Beikzad, J., & Ghorbani, S. (1404). Assessment and Evaluation of the Model for Enhancing the Ethical Capacity of Senior Commanders and Managers of the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Intelligent Learning and Management Transformation, 3(5), 1-21. https://jilmt.com/index.php/jilmt/article/view/108

Similar Articles

1-10 of 108

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.